D'où vient la méthode

Les sources

Chaque affirmation de la méthode est rattachée ici à ce qui l'étaye, avec son niveau de preuve et un lien pour la vérifier. Rien n'y est cité qui n'ait été lu.

Nous ne sommes pas médecins. Hormonia n'établit aucun diagnostic et ne remplace jamais un avis médical : les hormones expliquent, l'alimentation accompagne.

Baisser les glucides, qu’est-ce que ça change vraiment ?

Augustin L, Kendall C, Jenkins D et al (2015) — Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: An International Scientific Consensus Summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC). Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.
recommandation officielle Vérifier
Chiavaroli L, Lee D, Ahmed A et al (2021) — Effect of low glycaemic index or load dietary patterns on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Silverii GA, Botarelli L, Dicembrini I et al (2020) — Low-carbohydrate diets and type 2 diabetes treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetologica.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Gibson AA, Seimon RV, Lee CM et al (2015) — Do ketogenic diets really suppress appetite? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Clar C, Al-Khudairy L, Loveman E et al (2017) — Low glycaemic index diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
revue systématique Cochrane Vérifier
Aronica L, Landry MJ, Rigdon J et al (2023) — Weight, insulin resistance, blood lipids, and diet quality changes associated with ketogenic and ultra low-fat dietary patterns: a secondary analysis of the DIETFITS randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Nutrition.
Analyse secondaire d'un essai randomisé (DIETFITS, Stanford, 609 randomisés dont 304 dans le bras pauvre en glucides ; 205 relevés exploitables à 3 mois) — participants de 18 à 50 ans (PMID 37502720) Vérifier
Oliveira BF, Chang CR, Oetsch K et al (2023) — Impact of a Low-Carbohydrate Compared with Low-Fat Breakfast on Blood Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
essai randomisé Vérifier
Chang CR, Francois ME, Little JP (2019) — Restricting carbohydrates at breakfast is sufficient to reduce 24-hour exposure to postprandial hyperglycemia and improve glycemic variability. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
essai randomisé croisé Vérifier
Bukkapatnam RN, Berglund L, Anuurad E et al (2010) — Postprandial Metabolic Responses to Dietary Glycemic Index in Hypercholesterolemic Postmenopausal Women. Preventive Cardiology.
essai randomisé croisé Vérifier

Boire un grand verre d’eau avant chaque repas, ça aide vraiment à perdre du poids ?

Dennis EA, Dengo AL, Comber DL et al (2010) — Water Consumption Increases Weight Loss During a Hypocaloric Diet Intervention in Middle‐aged and Older Adults. Obesity.
Essai contrôlé randomisé, 48 adultes de 55 à 75 ans, 12 semaines — 500 mL d'eau avant chaque repas, environ 2 kg de perte supplémentaire (PMID 19661958) Vérifier
Dennis EA, Dengo AL, Comber DL et al (2010) — Water consumption increases weight loss during a hypocaloric diet intervention in middle-aged and older adults. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.).
essai contrôlé randomisé, 48 participants, 12 semaines Vérifier

Combien de régimes échouent vraiment, et pourquoi ?

Machado AM, Guimarães NS, Bocardi VB et al (2022) — Understanding weight regain after a nutritional weight loss intervention: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical nutrition ESPEN.
revue systématique et méta-analyse Vérifier
Dombrowski SU, Knittle K, Avenell A et al (2014) — Long term maintenance of weight loss with non-surgical interventions in obese adults: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ (Clinical research ed.).
revue systématique et méta-analyses d'essais randomisés contrôlés Vérifier
Franz MJ, VanWormer JJ, Crain AL et al (2007) — Weight-loss outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of weight-loss clinical trials with a minimum 1-year follow-up. Journal of the American Dietetic Association.
revue systématique et méta-analyse d'essais cliniques randomisés Vérifier
Wing RR, Phelan S (2005) — Long-term weight loss maintenance. The American journal of clinical nutrition.
revue de la littérature (article de synthèse, supplément de conférence) — ce n'est PAS une méta-analyse Vérifier
Anderson JW, Konz EC, Frederich RC et al (2001) — Long-term weight-loss maintenance: a meta-analysis of US studies. The American journal of clinical nutrition.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Mann T, Tomiyama AJ, Westling E et al (2007) — Medicare's search for effective obesity treatments: diets are not the answer. The American psychologist.
revue systématique de la littérature (article de synthèse critique) Vérifier
Ayyad C, Andersen T (2000) — Long-term efficacy of dietary treatment of obesity: a systematic review of studies published between 1931 and 1999. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.
revue systématique Vérifier
Fildes A, Charlton J, Rudisill C et al (2015) — Probability of an Obese Person Attaining Normal Body Weight: Cohort Study Using Electronic Health Records. American journal of public health.
étude de cohorte rétrospective sur dossiers médicaux électroniques Vérifier
Sénéchal M, Arguin H, Bouchard DR et al (2011) — Weight gain since menopause and its associations with weight loss maintenance in obese postmenopausal women. Clinical interventions in aging.
étude longitudinale observationnelle de suivi d'intervention (petit effectif) Vérifier

Comment manger autant dans une assiette qui apporte moins d'énergie ?

Andres A, Fisher JO, Anderson CAM et al (2024) — Portion Size and Energy Intake: A Systematic Review. USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR), Alexandria (VA).
revue systématique officielle (adossée à une recommandation gouvernementale) Vérifier
Klos B, Cook J, Crepaz L et al (2023) — Impact of energy density on energy intake in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European Journal of Nutrition.
méta-analyse d'essais randomisés contrôlés Vérifier
Robinson E, Khuttan M, McFarland-Lesser I et al (2022) — Calorie reformulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of manipulating food energy density on daily energy intake. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.
méta-analyse d'études expérimentales Vérifier
Ello-Martin JA, Roe LS, Ledikwe JH et al (2007) — Dietary energy density in the treatment of obesity: a year-long trial comparing 2 weight-loss diets. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
essai randomisé contrôlé, 1 an Vérifier
Ledikwe JH, Rolls BJ, Smiciklas-Wright H et al (2007) — Reductions in dietary energy density are associated with weight loss in overweight and obese participants in the PREMIER trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
analyse secondaire (observationnelle) d'un essai randomisé contrôlé Vérifier
Rolls BJ, Roe LS, Meengs JS (2006) — Reductions in portion size and energy density of foods are additive and lead to sustained decreases in energy intake. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
essai randomisé contrôlé en crossover Vérifier
Bell E, Castellanos V, Pelkman C et al (1998) — Energy density of foods affects energy intake in normal-weight women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
essai randomisé contrôlé en crossover Vérifier

Comment protéger mes os pendant que je change d’alimentation ?

Garnett MF, Weeks JD, Zehner AM (2025) — Unintentional Fall Deaths in Adults Age 65 and Older: United States, 2023. NCHS Data Brief nº 532, National Center for Health Statistics (CDC).
Statistiques nationales officielles (registre des décès, États-Unis) Vérifier
McCartney CR, McDonnell ME, Corrigan MD et al (2024) — Vitamin D Insufficiency and Epistemic Humility: An Endocrine Society Guideline Communication. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
recommandation officielle (communication officielle accompagnant la recommandation 2024 de l'Endocrine Society) Vérifier
Demay MB, Pittas AG, Bikle DD et al (2024) — Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
recommandation officielle (recommandation de pratique clinique, méthodologie GRADE) Vérifier
Biver E, Herrou J, Larid G et al (2023) — Dietary recommendations in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Joint Bone Spine.
Recommandations de sociétés savantes (SFR et GRIO) Vérifier
North American Menopause Society (déclaration de position, sans auteurs nommés) (2021) — Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: the 2021 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause.
recommandation officielle (déclaration de position de société savante) Vérifier
US Preventive Services Task Force (Grossman DC, Curry SJ et al) (2018) — Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA.
recommandation officielle (recommandation d'un organisme public de prévention) Vérifier
Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA et al (2011) — The 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What Clinicians Need to Know. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
recommandation officielle (synthèse par le comité lui-même du rapport de l'Institute of Medicine) Vérifier
Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA et al (2011) — Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.
recommandation officielle (recommandation de pratique clinique, Endocrine Society) Vérifier
Zhao J, Zeng X, Wang J et al (2017) — Association Between Calcium or Vitamin D Supplementation and Fracture Incidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA.
méta-analyse d'essais randomisés Vérifier
Weaver CM, Alexander DD, Boushey CJ et al (2016) — Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures: an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporosis International.
méta-analyse d'essais randomisés Vérifier
LeBoff MS, Chou SH, Ratliff KA et al (2022) — Supplemental Vitamin D and Incident Fractures in Midlife and Older Adults. New England Journal of Medicine.
essai randomisé contrôlé de grande taille (étude ancillaire de l'essai VITAL) Vérifier
Seimon RV, Wild-Taylor AL, McClintock S et al (2020) — 3-Year effect of weight loss via severe versus moderate energy restriction on body composition among postmenopausal women with obesity - the TEMPO Diet Trial. Heliyon.
Suivi à 3 ans d'un essai randomisé contrôlé (TEMPO Diet Trial), femmes ménopausées avec obésité ; essai principal à 12 mois : JAMA Netw Open 2019, doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.13733 Vérifier
Watson SL, Weeks BK, Weis LJ et al (2018) — High-Intensity Resistance and Impact Training Improves Bone Mineral Density and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: The LIFTMOR Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.
Essai contrôlé randomisé chez 101 femmes ménopausées Vérifier
Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M et al (2006) — Calcium plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Fractures. New England Journal of Medicine.
essai randomisé contrôlé de grande taille (Women's Health Initiative) Vérifier
Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F et al (1992) — Vitamin D 3 and Calcium to Prevent Hip Fractures in Elderly Women. New England Journal of Medicine.
essai randomisé contrôlé contre placebo Vérifier
Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A et al (2008) — FRAX™ and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK. Osteoporosis International.
étude de modélisation à partir de cohortes (article fondateur de l'outil FRAX) Vérifier
Feskanich D (2002) — Walking and Leisure-Time Activity and Risk of Hip Fracture in Postmenopausal Women. JAMA.
Cohorte prospective (Nurses' Health Study), 61 200 femmes ménopausées, 12 ans de suivi, 415 fractures de hanche Vérifier

Comment savoir si je suis en périménopause ?

Rousset-Jablonski C (2021) — Comment diagnostiquer la ménopause ? RPC Les femmes ménopausées du CNGOF et du GEMVi. Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie.
recommandation officielle Vérifier
Harlow SD, Gass M, Hall JE et al (2012) — Executive Summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10: Addressing the Unfinished Agenda of Staging Reproductive Aging. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
recommandation officielle Vérifier
Finkelstein JS, Lee H, Karlamangla A et al (2020) — Antimullerian Hormone and Impending Menopause in Late Reproductive Age: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
étude de cohorte Vérifier
Randolph JF, Zheng H, Sowers MR et al (2011) — Change in Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Estradiol Across the Menopausal Transition: Effect of Age at the Final Menstrual Period. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
étude de cohorte Vérifier
Taffe JR, Cain KC, Mitchell ES et al (2010) — "Persistence" improves the 60-day amenorrhea marker of entry to late-stage menopausal transition for women aged 40 to 44 years. Menopause.
Analyse secondaire de calendriers menstruels prospectifs issus de cohortes de population (collaboration ReSTAGE) — à compléter par Harlow SD et coll., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-2810 Vérifier
Hale GE, Zhao X, Hughes CL et al (2007) — Endocrine Features of Menstrual Cycles in Middle and Late Reproductive Age and the Menopausal Transition Classified According to the Staging of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW) Staging System. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
étude de cohorte Vérifier
Dudley EC, Hopper JL, Taffe J et al (1998) — Using longitudinal data to define the perimenopause by menstrual cycle characteristics. Climacteric.
étude de cohorte Vérifier
Prior JC (2011) — The endocrinology of perimenopause need for a paradigm shift. Frontiers in Bioscience.
revue narrative Vérifier

En quoi mes nuits courtes jouent sur mon poids ?

Riemann D, Espie CA, Altena E et al (2023) — The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023. Journal of Sleep Research.
Recommandation de société savante, grade A (recommandation la plus forte) ; concordante avec l'American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2021, doi:10.5664/jcsm.8986 Vérifier
Kohanmoo A, Akhlaghi M, Sasani N et al (2024) — Short sleep duration is associated with higher risk of central obesity in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Obesity science & practice.
méta-analyse d'études de cohorte prospectives Vérifier
van der Valk E, Abawi O, Mohseni M et al (2022) — Cross-sectional relation of long-term glucocorticoids in hair with anthropometric measurements and their possible determinants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.
méta-analyse (146 cohortes, 34 342 personnes) Vérifier
Ostinelli G, Scovronec A, Iceta S et al (2021) — Deciphering the Association Between Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity and Obesity: A Meta-Analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.).
méta-analyse Vérifier
Zhu B, Shi C, Park CG et al (2019) — Effects of sleep restriction on metabolism-related parameters in healthy adults: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep medicine reviews.
méta-analyse d'essais randomisés contrôlés Vérifier
Capers PL, Fobian AD, Kaiser KA et al (2015) — A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the impact of sleep duration on adiposity and components of energy balance. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.
méta-analyse d'essais randomisés contrôlés Vérifier
Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala N et al (2008) — Meta-Analysis of Short Sleep Duration and Obesity in Children and Adults. Sleep.
Méta-analyse de 30 études transversales, 634 511 participants (dont 604 509 adultes) Vérifier
Incollingo Rodriguez AC, Epel ES, White ML et al (2015) — Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and cortisol activity in obesity: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology.
revue systématique Vérifier
Covassin N, Singh P, McCrady-Spitzer SK et al (2022) — Effects of Experimental Sleep Restriction on Energy Intake, Energy Expenditure, and Visceral Obesity. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
Essai randomisé contrôlé en cross-over, en hospitalisation, 12 adultes sains non obèses (9 hommes, 19–39 ans), 21 jours Vérifier
Covassin N, Singh P, McCrady-Spitzer SK et al (2022) — Effects of Experimental Sleep Restriction on Energy Intake, Energy Expenditure, and Visceral Obesity. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
essai randomisé contrôlé (croisé, en milieu hospitalier) Vérifier
Tasali E, Wroblewski K, Kahn E et al (2022) — Effect of Sleep Extension on Objectively Assessed Energy Intake Among Adults With Overweight in Real-life Settings: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA internal medicine.
essai randomisé contrôlé Vérifier
Depner CM, Melanson EL, Eckel RH et al (2019) — Ad libitum Weekend Recovery Sleep Fails to Prevent Metabolic Dysregulation during a Repeating Pattern of Insufficient Sleep and Weekend Recovery Sleep. Current Biology.
Essai randomisé en laboratoire, 36 jeunes adultes sains (population non transposable telle quelle aux femmes de 45-60 ans) Vérifier
Scullin MK, Krueger ML, Ballard HK et al (2018) — The effects of bedtime writing on difficulty falling asleep: A polysomnographic study comparing to-do lists and completed activity lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
essai randomisé en laboratoire du sommeil (polysomnographie), 57 jeunes adultes de 18 à 30 ans Vérifier
Nedeltcheva AV, Kilkus JM, Imperial J et al (2010) — Insufficient Sleep Undermines Dietary Efforts to Reduce Adiposity. Annals of Internal Medicine.
Essai randomisé croisé en laboratoire, 10 participants (mécanisme solide, effectif très faible) Vérifier
Appelhans BM, Janssen I, Cursio JF et al (2013) — Sleep duration and weight change in midlife women: the SWAN sleep study. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.).
étude de cohorte prospective (SWAN Sleep Study, sommeil mesuré objectivement) Vérifier
Kravitz HM, Zhao X, Bromberger JT et al (2008) — Sleep disturbance during the menopausal transition in a multi-ethnic community sample of women. Sleep.
étude de cohorte prospective (SWAN) Vérifier
Patel SR, Malhotra A, White DP et al (2006) — Association between reduced sleep and weight gain in women. American journal of epidemiology.
étude de cohorte prospective Vérifier

Est-ce que ce que je mange peut calmer mes bouffées de chaleur ?

Shufelt CL, Brown V, Carpenter JS, et al (2023) — The 2023 nonhormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause.
recommandation officielle (société savante, revue systématique de la littérature) Vérifier
Noll PRES, Campos CAS, Leone C et al (2021) — Dietary intake and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women: a systematic review. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society.
revue systématique Vérifier
Barnard ND, Kahleova H, Holtz DN et al (2021) — The Women's Study for the Alleviation of Vasomotor Symptoms (WAVS): a randomized, controlled trial of a plant-based diet and whole soybeans for postmenopausal women. Menopause.
essai randomisé contrôlé (très petit effectif, non aveugle) Vérifier
Faubion SS, Sood R, Thielen JM et al (2015) — Caffeine and menopausal symptoms: what is the association?. Menopause (New York, N.Y.).
étude transversale (niveau faible : pas d'essai, pas de suivi dans le temps) Vérifier
Kroenke CH, Caan BJ, Stefanick ML et al (2012) — Effects of a dietary intervention and weight change on vasomotor symptoms in the Women's Health Initiative. Menopause (New York, N.Y.).
essai randomisé contrôlé (analyse de l'essai Dietary Modification de la WHI, très grand effectif) Vérifier
Huang AJ, Subak LL, Wing R et al (2010) — An intensive behavioral weight loss intervention and hot flushes in women. Archives of internal medicine.
essai randomisé contrôlé Vérifier
Kwon R, Chang Y, Kim Y et al (2022) — Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Risk of Early-Onset Vasomotor Symptoms in Premenopausal Women. Nutrients.
étude de cohorte (association dose-effet) Vérifier
Sarrel P, Portman D, Lefebvre P et al (2015) — Incremental direct and indirect costs of untreated vasomotor symptoms. Menopause (New York, N.Y.).
étude de cohorte rétrospective appariée sur données d'assurance, ~504 000 dossiers Vérifier
Herber-Gast GC, Mishra GD (2013) — Fruit, Mediterranean-style, and high-fat and -sugar diets are associated with the risk of night sweats and hot flushes in midlife: results from a prospective cohort study. The American journal of clinical nutrition.
étude de cohorte prospective (Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health) Vérifier
Ahmadieh H, Jradi N (2021) — Prevalence of menopausal hot flashes in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study. International journal of reproductive biomedicine.
étude transversale (niveau faible ; c'est pourtant la seule donnée humaine existante sur les plats épicés) Vérifier
Hammar M, Berg G, Lindgren R (1990) — Does physical exercise influence the frequency of postmenopausal hot flushes?. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica.
étude observationnelle transversale, 142 femmes actives vs 1 246 témoins Vérifier
Hammar M, And GB, Lindgren R (1990) — Does Physical Exercise Influence the Frequency of Postmenopausal Hot Flushes?. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica.
étude observationnelle transversale (142 femmes actives vs 1 246 témoins) Vérifier
Villaverde-Gutiérrez C, Araújo E, Cruz F et al (2006) — Quality of life of rural menopausal women in response to a customized exercise programme. Journal of advanced nursing.
étude quasi expérimentale contrôlée, 48 femmes de 55 à 72 ans, 12 mois Vérifier

Est-ce que remplacer mon soda habituel par la version « zéro » me fait perdre du poids ?

McGlynn ND, Khan TA, Wang L et al (2022) — Association of Low- and No-Calorie Sweetened Beverages as a Replacement for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages With Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open.
Revue systématique et méta-analyse de 17 essais randomisés, 1 733 adultes en surpoids ou obésité (PMID 35285920) Vérifier

Est-ce que se fixer un niveau souple marche mieux que se fixer une règle stricte ?

Westenhoefer J, Stunkard AJ, Pudel V (1999) — Validation of the flexible and rigid control dimensions of dietary restraint. International Journal of Eating Disorders.
Trois études de validation, dont une sur 54 517 participants — données observationnelles et associatives, pas un essai randomisé (PMID 10349584) Vérifier

Je suis sous Ozempic ou Wegovy : qu’est-ce que ça change à la méthode ?

Mozaffarian D, Agarwal M, Aggarwal M et al (2025) — Nutritional priorities to support GLP-1 therapy for obesity: a joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
Avis conjoint de quatre sociétés savantes (niveau de preuve le plus élevé pour une recommandation de pratique) Vérifier
Eisa N, Barood O (2026) — Lean Mass Changes With Incretin Therapy Versus Lifestyle Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.
méta-analyse (revue systématique d'essais randomisés, GRADE, Cochrane RoB 2) Vérifier
Nong K, Shi Q, Xie X et al (2026) — Comparative effects of drugs for adults with overweight or obesity: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ.
méta-analyse en réseau (262 essais randomisés, GRADE, Cochrane RoB 2) Vérifier
Karakasis P, Patoulias D, Fragakis N et al (2025) — Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and co-agonists on body composition: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Metabolism.
méta-analyse en réseau (revue systématique d'essais randomisés) Vérifier
Noronha JC, Van Gaal LF, Neeland IJ et al (2025) — Optimizing GLP-1 therapies for obesity and diabetes management. Obesity pillars.
commentaire de consensus d'experts (groupe de travail international, 42e symposium du Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group) — niveau avis d'experts, pas de méta-analyse Vérifier
Kuo YY, Chang HY, Huang YC et al (2022) — Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients.
méta-analyse (revue systématique d'essais randomisés) Vérifier
Kim JE, O'Connor LE, Sands LP et al (2016) — Effects of dietary protein intake on body composition changes after weight loss in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews.
méta-analyse (revue systématique d'essais randomisés) Vérifier
Look M, Dunn JP, Kushner RF et al (2025) — Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT ‐1 study of adults with obesity or overweight. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.
sous-étude d'essai randomisé contrôlé (SURMOUNT-1) Vérifier
Lundgren JR, Janus C, Jensen SBK et al (2021) — Healthy Weight Loss Maintenance with Exercise, Liraglutide, or Both Combined. The New England journal of medicine.
essai randomisé contrôlé contre placebo, en comparaison directe Vérifier

L’ordre des aliments et la texture changent-ils quelque chose ?

Kim J, Jang E, Lee S (2026) — Effects of meal sequence intervention on blood glucose response in healthy adults: a systematic review. Clinical Nutrition Research.
revue systématique (sans méta-analyse) Vérifier
Ohkuma T, Hirakawa Y, Nakamura U et al (2015) — Association between eating rate and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity.
revue systématique et méta-analyse d'études observationnelles Vérifier
Miquel-Kergoat S, Azais-Braesco V, Burton-Freeman B et al (2015) — Effects of chewing on appetite, food intake and gut hormones: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiology & Behavior.
revue systématique et méta-analyse Vérifier
Robinson E, Almiron-Roig E, Rutters F et al (2014) — A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of eating rate on energy intake and hunger. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
revue systématique et méta-analyse d'essais expérimentaux Vérifier
Forde CG, Heuven LA, van Bruinessen M et al (2026) — Eating rate has sustained effects on energy intake from ultraprocessed diets: a 2-week ad libitum dietary randomized controlled crossover trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
essai randomisé contrôlé (croisé, en simple aveugle, alimentation ad libitum sur 14 jours) Vérifier
Teo PS, Lim AJ, Goh AT et al (2022) — Texture-based differences in eating rate influence energy intake for minimally processed and ultra-processed meals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
essai croisé randomisé (4 repas ad libitum, mesure vidéo de la vitesse d'ingestion) Vérifier
Forde CG, Mars M, de Graaf K (2020) — Ultra-Processing or Oral Processing? A Role for Energy Density and Eating Rate in Moderating Energy Intake from Processed Foods. Current Developments in Nutrition.
analyse secondaire de données d'essai et mise en commun de données (perspective) — pas un essai original Vérifier
Hall KD, Ayuketah A, Brychta R et al (2019) — Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake. Cell Metabolism.
essai randomisé contrôlé croisé en milieu hospitalier (alimentation entièrement fournie et pesée) Vérifier
Shukla AP, Dickison M, Coughlin N et al (2019) — The impact of food order on postprandial glycaemic excursions in prediabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.
essai croisé randomisé de petite taille Vérifier
Rolls BJ, Roe LS, Meengs JS (2004) — Salad and satiety: Energy density and portion size of a first-course salad affect energy intake at lunch. Journal of the American Dietetic Association.
essai croisé randomisé Vérifier

La langue qui brûle et la bouche sèche, est-ce que ça peut vraiment venir de la ménopause ?

Wardrop R, Hailes J, Burger H et al (1989) — Oral discomfort at menopause. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology.
Étude comparative sur 149 femmes (50 non ménopausées, 99 péri/post-ménopausées) — 43 % d'inconfort buccal contre 6 % (PMID 2497421) Vérifier

Le café et le tabac, qu’est-ce qu’ils changent à la ménopause ?

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (2015) — Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine. EFSA Journal.
recommandation officielle (avis scientifique, autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments) Vérifier
Gardiner C, Weakley J, Burke LM et al (2023) — The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews.
méta-analyse (revue systématique de 24 études contrôlées) Vérifier
Jenabi E, Poorolajal J (2015) — The association between hot flushes and smoking in midlife women: a meta-analysis. Climacteric.
méta-analyse (8 études, 27 054 participantes) Vérifier
Sun L, Tan L, Yang F et al (2012) — Meta-analysis suggests that smoking is associated with an increased risk of early natural menopause. Menopause.
méta-analyse (11 études) Vérifier
Aubin H, Farley A, Lycett D et al (2012) — Weight gain in smokers after quitting cigarettes: meta-analysis. BMJ.
méta-analyse (62 essais, dont des essais randomisés de sevrage) Vérifier
Zhu D, Chung H, Pandeya N et al (2018) — Relationships between intensity, duration, cumulative dose, and timing of smoking with age at menopause: A pooled analysis of individual data from 17 observational studies. PLOS Medicine.
revue systématique / analyse poolée de données individuelles (17 études observationnelles, consortium InterLACE) Vérifier
Anderson DJ, Chung H, Seib CA et al (2020) — Obesity, smoking, and risk of vasomotor menopausal symptoms: a pooled analysis of eight cohort studies. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
analyse poolée de 8 études de cohorte (consortium InterLACE) Vérifier
Hu Y, Zong G, Liu G et al (2018) — Smoking Cessation, Weight Change, Type 2 Diabetes, and Mortality. New England Journal of Medicine.
étude de cohorte (trois grandes cohortes prospectives américaines, dont les Nurses' Health Studies) Vérifier
Faubion SS, Sood R, Thielen JM et al (2015) — Caffeine and menopausal symptoms: what is the association?. Menopause.
étude transversale par questionnaire (niveau plus faible qu'une cohorte : aucune causalité possible) Vérifier
Desbrow B, Hughes R, Leveritt M et al (2007) — An examination of consumer exposure to caffeine from retail coffee outlets. Food and Chemical Toxicology.
étude de dosage sur 97 expressos du commerce Vérifier

Le jeûne intermittent, bonne ou mauvaise idée pour moi ?

Sun Y, Liu Y, Ye W et al (2025) — Efficiency of time-restricted eating and energy restriction on anthropometrics and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Schroor MM, Joris PJ, Plat J et al (2024) — Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction Compared with Those of Continuous Energy Restriction on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults. Advances in Nutrition.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Lin S, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M et al (2024) — Effect of time restricted eating versus daily calorie restriction on sex hormones in males and females with obesity. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
essai randomisé Vérifier
Jóźwiak B, Domin R, Krzywicka M et al (2024) — Effect of exercise alone and in combination with time-restricted eating on cardiometabolic health in menopausal women. Journal of Translational Medicine.
essai randomisé Vérifier
Lowe DA, Wu N, Rohdin-Bibby L et al (2020) — Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss and Other Metabolic Parameters in Women and Men With Overweight and Obesity: The TREAT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine.
essai randomisé Vérifier
Marinac CR, Nelson SH, Breen CI et al (2016) — Prolonged Nightly Fasting and Breast Cancer Prognosis. JAMA Oncology.
étude de cohorte Vérifier
Marinac CR, Natarajan L, Sears DD et al (2015) — Prolonged Nightly Fasting and Breast Cancer Risk: Findings from NHANES (2009–2010). Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
étude de cohorte Vérifier

Le traitement hormonal de la ménopause, qu’en dit vraiment la science ?

Panay N, Anderson RA, Bennie A et al (2024) — Evidence-based guideline: premature ovarian insufficiency,. Human Reproduction Open.
Recommandation internationale conjointe de quatre sociétés savantes, 145 recommandations, révision de la version 2015 Vérifier
“The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society” Advisory Panel (2022) — The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause (New York, N.Y.).
Prise de position d'une société savante (synthèse d'experts) Vérifier
Gosset A, Robin G, Letombe B et al (2021) — [Menopause hormone treatment in practice. Postmenopausal women management: CNGOF and GEMVi clinical practice guidelines]. Gynecologie, obstetrique, fertilite & senologie.
recommandation officielle Vérifier
Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (2019) — Type and timing of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence. Lancet (London, England).
méta-analyse Vérifier
Marjoribanks J, Farquhar C, Roberts H et al (2017) — Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
revue systématique Vérifier
Boardman HM, Hartley L, Eisinga A et al (2015) — Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
revue systématique Vérifier
Maclennan AH, Broadbent JL, Lester S et al (2004) — Oral oestrogen and combined oestrogen/progestogen therapy versus placebo for hot flushes. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
revue systématique Vérifier
Chlebowski RT, Anderson GL, Aragaki AK et al (2020) — Association of Menopausal Hormone Therapy With Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality During Long-term Follow-up of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA.
Suivi à long terme de deux essais randomisés contrôlés (bras œstrogènes seuls : 10 739 femmes) Vérifier
Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rossouw JE et al (2017) — Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Long-term All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trials. JAMA.
essai randomisé Vérifier
Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Henderson VW et al (2016) — Vascular Effects of Early versus Late Postmenopausal Treatment with Estradiol. The New England journal of medicine.
essai randomisé Vérifier
Shumaker SA, Legault C, Rapp SR et al (2003) — Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA.
essai randomisé Vérifier
Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators (2002) — Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association.
Essai randomisé contrôlé, 16 608 femmes de 50 à 79 ans — population dont l'âge est le point clé ici Vérifier
Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL et al (2002) — Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA.
Essai randomisé contrôlé (16 608 femmes) Vérifier

Ma libido et mon confort intime peuvent-ils revenir ?

Kaufman MR, Ackerman AL, Amin KA et al (2025) — Executive Summary: The AUA/SUFU/AUGS Guideline on Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause. Urogynecology.
recommandation officielle (guideline conjointe AUA, SUFU, AUGS ; type de publication PubMed : Practice Guideline) Vérifier
Hocké C, Diaz M, Bernard V et al (2021) — Syndrome génito-urinaire de la ménopause (SGUM). RPC les femmes ménopausées du CNGOF et du GEMVi. Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie.
recommandation officielle (recommandation pour la pratique clinique, CNGOF et GEMVi) Vérifier
Faubion SS, Kingsberg SA, Shifren JL, et al (2020) — The 2020 genitourinary syndrome of menopause position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause.
recommandation officielle (position statement, North American Menopause Society) Vérifier
Islam RM, Bell RJ, Green S et al (2019) — Safety and efficacy of testosterone for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial data. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.
revue systématique et méta-analyse d'essais randomisés Vérifier
Lethaby A, Ayeleke RO, Roberts H (2016) — Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
revue systématique et méta-analyse (Cochrane) Vérifier
Mitchell CM, Reed SD, Diem S et al (2018) — Efficacy of Vaginal Estradiol or Vaginal Moisturizer vs Placebo for Treating Postmenopausal Vulvovaginal Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine.
essai randomisé contrôlé (multicentrique, double placebo) Vérifier
Avis NE, Brockwell S, Randolph JF et al (2009) — Longitudinal changes in sexual functioning as women transition through menopause. Menopause.
étude de cohorte prospective longitudinale (SWAN) Vérifier
Dennerstein L, Lehert P, Burger H et al (2005) — Sexuality. The American Journal of Medicine.
étude de cohorte longitudinale en population (Melbourne Women's Midlife Health Project) Vérifier
Portman DJ, Gass ML (2014) — Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: new terminology for vulvovaginal atrophy from the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health and The North American Menopause Society. Menopause.
consensus international de deux sociétés savantes Vérifier

Ma peau et mes cheveux changent : est-ce hormonal ?

Pu S, Huang Y, Pu C et al (2023) — Effects of Oral Collagen for Skin Anti-Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients.
revue systématique et méta-analyse d'essais randomisés contrôlés Vérifier
Treister-Goltzman Y, Yarza S, Peleg R (2022) — Iron Deficiency and Nonscarring Alopecia in Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Skin Appendage Disorders.
revue systématique et méta-analyse Vérifier
Qiu Y, Zhou X, Fu S et al (2022) — Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Androgenetic Alopecia. Acta Dermato-Venereologica.
revue systématique et méta-analyse d'études observationnelles Vérifier
de Miranda RB, Weimer P, Rossi RC (2021) — Effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on skin aging: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. International Journal of Dermatology.
revue systématique et méta-analyse d'essais randomisés en double aveugle Vérifier
Guadanhim LRS, Miot HA, Soares JLM et al (2023) — Efficacy and Safety of Topical or Oral Hydrolyzed Collagen in Women with Dermatoporosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Factorial Design Study. Dermatology and Therapy.
essai randomisé contrôlé en double aveugle contre placebo, plan factoriel Vérifier
Mekić S, Jacobs LC, Hamer MA et al (2019) — A healthy diet in women is associated with less facial wrinkles in a large Dutch population-based cohort. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
analyse transversale au sein d'une grande cohorte de population (Rotterdam Study) Vérifier
Cosgrove MC, Franco OH, Granger SP et al (2007) — Dietary nutrient intakes and skin-aging appearance among middle-aged American women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
grande étude transversale en population (NHANES I) Vérifier
Brincat M, Kabalan S, Studd JW et al (1987) — A study of the decrease of skin collagen content, skin thickness, and bone mass in the postmenopausal woman. Obstetrics and gynecology.
Étude par biopsies cutanées chez des femmes ménopausées (ancienne, mais jamais contredite) Vérifier
BRINCAT M, O'DOWD T, MAGOS AL et al (1987) — Decline in skin collagen content and metacarpal index after the menopause and its prevention with sex hormone replacement. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology.
étude observationnelle avec mesure histologique directe (groupe traité vs non traité) Vérifier

Ma thyroïde explique-t-elle mon poids, et jusqu’où ?

Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ et al (2014) — Guidelines for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: Prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Thyroid®.
recommandation officielle (American Thyroid Association) Vérifier
Feller M, Snel M, Moutzouri E et al (2018) — Association of Thyroid Hormone Therapy With Quality of Life and Thyroid-Related Symptoms in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA.
revue systématique et méta-analyse d'essais randomisés contrôlés Vérifier
Wang X, Gao X, Han Y et al (2021) — Causal Association Between Serum Thyrotropin and Obesity: A Bidirectional, Mendelian Randomization Study. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.
randomisation mendélienne bidirectionnelle à deux échantillons, sur données de GWAS (méthode d'inférence causale) Vérifier
Stott DJ, Rodondi N, Kearney PM et al (2017) — Thyroid Hormone Therapy for Older Adults with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. The New England journal of medicine.
essai randomisé contrôlé en double aveugle contre placebo (essai TRUST, 737 participants) Vérifier
Lee SY, Braverman LE, Pearce EN (2014) — Changes in body weight after treatment of primary hypothyroidism with levothyroxine. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.
étude de cohorte rétrospective Vérifier
Knudsen N, Laurberg P, Rasmussen LB et al (2005) — Small differences in thyroid function may be important for body mass index and the occurrence of obesity in the population. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.
étude de cohorte transversale en population générale (DanThyr, 4 082 sujets analysés) Vérifier
Samuels MH, Kolobova I, Smeraglio A et al (2016) — Effects of Levothyroxine Replacement or Suppressive Therapy on Energy Expenditure and Body Composition. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association.
étude transversale comparative (3 groupes, 122 femmes) Vérifier
Karmisholt J, Andersen S, Laurberg P (2011) — Weight loss after therapy of hypothyroidism is mainly caused by excretion of excess body water associated with myxoedema. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.
étude de suivi contrôlée sur 1 an (petit effectif, 12 patients traités vs 10 témoins) Vérifier
Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD et al (2002) — Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.
enquête épidémiologique nationale représentative (NHANES III, 17 353 personnes) Vérifier

Ménopause avant 45 ans : qu’est-ce que ça change ?

Karamitrou EK, Anagnostis P, Vaitsi K et al (2023) — Early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency are associated with increased risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Maturitas.
revue systématique et méta-analyse Vérifier
Golezar S, Ramezani Tehrani F, Khazaei S et al (2019) — The global prevalence of primary ovarian insufficiency and early menopause: a meta-analysis. Climacteric.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Anagnostis P, Siolos P, Gkekas NK et al (2019) — Association between age at menopause and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine.
revue systématique et méta-analyse Vérifier
Muka T, Oliver-Williams C, Kunutsor S et al (2016) — Association of Age at Onset of Menopause and Time Since Onset of Menopause With Cardiovascular Outcomes, Intermediate Vascular Traits, and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiology.
revue systématique et méta-analyse Vérifier
Levine ME, Lu AT, Chen BH et al (2016) — Menopause accelerates biological aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
étude de cohorte (analyse de quatre cohortes, avec randomisation mendélienne) Vérifier
Rocca WA, Grossardt BR, de Andrade M et al (2006) — Survival patterns after oophorectomy in premenopausal women: a population-based cohort study. The Lancet Oncology.
étude de cohorte Vérifier

Mes migraines et mon humeur suivent-elles mes hormones ?

Maki PM, Kornstein SG, Joffe H et al (2018) — Guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of perimenopausal depression: summary and recommendations. Menopause (New York, N.Y.).
recommandation officielle Vérifier
de Kruif M, Spijker AT, Molendijk ML (2016) — Depression during the perimenopause: A meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Gordon JL, Rubinow DR, Eisenlohr-Moul TA et al (2018) — Efficacy of Transdermal Estradiol and Micronized Progesterone in the Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in the Menopause Transition: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA psychiatry.
essai randomisé contrôlé Vérifier
Ledochowski L, Ruedl G, Taylor AH et al (2015) — Acute Effects of Brisk Walking on Sugary Snack Cravings in Overweight People, Affect and Responses to a Manipulated Stress Situation and to a Sugary Snack Cue: A Crossover Study. PLOS ONE.
Essai croisé randomisé intra-sujet (47 adultes en surpoids) ; confirmé par Taylor AH & Oliver AJ, Appetite 2009, doi 10.1016/j.appet.2008.09.004 Vérifier
Martin VT, Pavlovic J, Fanning KM et al (2016) — Perimenopause and Menopause Are Associated With High Frequency Headache in Women With Migraine: Results of the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study. Headache.
étude transversale sur grande cohorte Vérifier
Pavlović JM, Allshouse AA, Santoro NF et al (2016) — Sex hormones in women with and without migraine: Evidence of migraine-specific hormone profiles. Neurology.
étude de cohorte (sous-étude hormonale de SWAN) Vérifier
Bromberger JT, Kravitz HM, Chang YF et al (2011) — Major depression during and after the menopausal transition: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Psychological medicine.
étude de cohorte prospective Vérifier
Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Lin H et al (2006) — Associations of hormones and menopausal status with depressed mood in women with no history of depression. Archives of general psychiatry.
étude de cohorte prospective Vérifier
MacGregor EA, Frith A, Ellis J et al (2006) — Incidence of migraine relative to menstrual cycle phases of rising and falling estrogen. Neurology.
étude de cohorte prospective (agendas + dosages hormonaux) Vérifier
Wang SJ, Fuh JL, Lu SR et al (2003) — Migraine prevalence during menopausal transition. Headache.
étude transversale en population générale Vérifier
Kalm LM, Semba RD (2005) — They Starved So That Others Be Better Fed: Remembering Ancel Keys and the Minnesota Experiment. The Journal of Nutrition.
Article de référence sur une expérience contrôlée historique (36 volontaires sains, 1944-1945) ; corroboré par la revue de Polivy J, J Am Diet Assoc 1996;96(6):589-92, doi 10.1016/S0002-8223(96)00161-7 Vérifier

Mon intestin joue-t-il un rôle dans mes hormones ?

Saravinovska K, Santi D, Costantino F et al (2026) — The impact of estrogen status on the gut microbiome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology.
méta-analyse et revue systématique — le niveau de preuve le plus élevé disponible sur ce domaine Vérifier
Honda S, Tominaga Y, Espadaler-Mazo J et al (2024) — Supplementation with a Probiotic Formula Having β-Glucuronidase Activity Modulates Serum Estrogen Levels in Healthy Peri- and Postmenopausal Women. Journal of Medicinal Food.
essai randomisé contrôlé, en double aveugle, mais qualifié d'« exploratoire » par ses propres auteurs Vérifier
Fuhrman BJ, Feigelson HS, Flores R et al (2014) — Associations of the Fecal Microbiome With Urinary Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in Postmenopausal Women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
étude transversale (observationnelle, petit effectif) — ni essai randomisé ni cohorte suivie dans le temps Vérifier
Flores R, Shi J, Fuhrman B et al (2012) — Fecal microbial determinants of fecal and systemic estrogens and estrogen metabolites: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Translational Medicine.
étude transversale (observationnelle, très petit effectif) Vérifier
Baker JM, Al-Nakkash L, Herbst-Kralovetz MM (2017) — Estrogen–gut microbiome axis: Physiological and clinical implications. Maturitas.
revue narrative (non systématique) dans une revue spécialisée de la ménopause Vérifier
Plottel CS, Blaser MJ (2011) — Microbiome and malignancy. Cell host & microbe.
revue narrative et article d'hypothèse — pas une étude, pas une preuve Vérifier

Pourquoi autant de fibres, et combien exactement ?

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (2010) — Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for carbohydrates and dietary fibre. EFSA Journal.
recommandation officielle Vérifier
van der Schoot A, Drysdale C, Whelan K et al (2022) — The Effect of Fiber Supplementation on Chronic Constipation in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. The American journal of clinical nutrition.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Huwiler VV, Schönenberger KA, Segesser von Brunegg A et al (2022) — Prolonged Isolated Soluble Dietary Fibre Supplementation in Overweight and Obese Patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Nutrients.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Reynolds A, Mann J, Cummings J et al (2019) — Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Lancet (London, England).
méta-analyse Vérifier
Mah E, Liska DJ, Goltz S et al (2023) — The effect of extracted and isolated fibers on appetite and energy intake: A comprehensive review of human intervention studies. Appetite.
revue systématique Vérifier
de Vries J, Birkett A, Hulshof T et al (2016) — Effects of Cereal, Fruit and Vegetable Fibers on Human Fecal Weight and Transit Time: A Comprehensive Review of Intervention Trials. Nutrients.
revue systématique Vérifier
Wanders AJ, van den Borne JJ, de Graaf C et al (2011) — Effects of dietary fibre on subjective appetite, energy intake and body weight: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.
revue systématique Vérifier
Howarth NC, Saltzman E, Roberts SB (2009) — Dietary Fiber and Weight Regulation. Nutrition Reviews.
Revue systématique d’essais d’intervention en alimentation libre Vérifier
Liu S, Willett WC, Manson JE et al (2003) — Relation between changes in intakes of dietary fiber and grain products and changes in weight and development of obesity among middle-aged women. The American journal of clinical nutrition.
étude de cohorte Vérifier
Storz MA, Ronco AL (2023) — Nutrient intake in low-carbohydrate diets in comparison to the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: a cross-sectional study. British Journal of Nutrition.
Étude transversale sur données nationales (NHANES 2007-2018, 307 adultes suivant un régime pauvre en glucides) Vérifier

Pourquoi autant de protéines après 50 ans, et pourquoi à chaque repas ?

Duclos M (2021) — Effets de l’activité physique et de la diminution des comportements sédentaires chez la femme ménopausée. RPC Les femmes ménopausées du CNGOF et du GEMVi. Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie.
Recommandations pour la pratique clinique de deux sociétés savantes françaises (CNGOF, GEMVi), fondées sur une revue de plus de 100 études — population exactement visée : femmes ménopausées Vérifier
Bauer J, Biolo G, Cederholm T et al (2013) — Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.
recommandation officielle Vérifier
Naddafha S, Antonio J, Kreider RB et al (2026) — Creatine monohydrate for lean mass, strength, and bone density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.
Revue systématique et méta-analyse de 7 essais contrôlés randomisés (608 femmes ménopausées) Vérifier
Naddafha S, Antonio J, Kreider RB et al (2026) — Creatine monohydrate for lean mass, strength, and bone density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.
Méta-analyse de 7 essais randomisés (608 femmes ménopausées, âge moyen ≈ 62 ans) Vérifier
Nunes EA, Colenso‐Semple L, McKellar SR et al (2022) — Systematic review and meta‐analysis of protein intake to support muscle mass and function in healthy adults. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Morton RW, Murphy KT, McKellar SR et al (2018) — A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults. British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Méta-analyse et méta-régression de 49 essais randomisés (1 863 adultes en bonne santé pratiquant le renforcement musculaire) Vérifier
ten Haaf DSM, Nuijten MAH, Maessen MFH et al (2018) — Effects of protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in nonfrail community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
Méta-analyse de 36 essais randomisés (1 682 personnes âgées non fragiles vivant à domicile) Vérifier
Hengeveld LM, de Goede J, Afman LA et al (2022) — Health Effects of Increasing Protein Intake Above the Current Population Reference Intake in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Health Council of the Netherlands. Advances in Nutrition.
revue systématique Vérifier
Englert I, Bosy-Westphal A, Bischoff SC et al (2021) — Impact of Protein Intake during Weight Loss on Preservation of Fat-Free Mass, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Physical Function in Overweight Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesity Facts.
Essai randomisé contrôlé (54 femmes ménopausées en surpoids, 12 semaines) Vérifier
Rossato L, Nahas P, De Branco F et al (2017) — Higher Protein Intake Does Not Improve Lean Mass Gain When Compared with RDA Recommendation in Postmenopausal Women Following Resistance Exercise Protocol: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients.
essai randomisé Vérifier
Smith GI, Yoshino J, Kelly SC et al (2016) — High-Protein Intake during Weight Loss Therapy Eliminates the Weight-Loss-Induced Improvement in Insulin Action in Obese Postmenopausal Women. Cell Reports.
essai randomisé Vérifier
Rafii M, Chapman K, Owens J et al (2015) — Dietary Protein Requirement of Female Adults >65 Years Determined by the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique Is Higher Than Current Recommendations. The Journal of Nutrition.
essai randomisé Vérifier
Symons TB, Sheffield-Moore M, Wolfe RR et al (2009) — A Moderate Serving of High-Quality Protein Maximally Stimulates Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis in Young and Elderly Subjects. Journal of the American Dietetic Association.
essai randomisé Vérifier
Beasley JM, LaCroix AZ, Neuhouser ML et al (2010) — Protein Intake and Incident Frailty in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
Étude de cohorte prospective (24 417 femmes de 65 à 79 ans, 3 ans de suivi) Vérifier

Pourquoi j’ai le cerveau embrumé, et est-ce que ça se répare ?

Maki PM, Jaff NG (2022) — Brain fog in menopause: a health-care professional’s guide for decision-making and counseling on cognition. Climacteric.
recommandation officielle (Livre blanc de l'International Menopause Society) Vérifier
Shea AK, Wolfman W, Fortier M et al (2021) — Guideline No. 422c: Menopause: Mood, Sleep, and Cognition. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada.
recommandation officielle (directive clinique SOGC, méthodologie GRADE) Vérifier
WITTBRODT MT, MILLARD-STAFFORD M (2018) — Dehydration Impairs Cognitive Performance: A Meta-analysis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.
Méta-analyse d’essais sur la déshydratation et les performances cognitives Vérifier
Weber MT, Maki PM, McDermott MP (2014) — Cognition and mood in perimenopause: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
revue systématique et méta-analyse Vérifier
Kazlauskaite R, Janssen I, Wilson RS et al (2020) — Is Midlife Metabolic Syndrome Associated With Cognitive Function Change? The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
étude de cohorte (SWAN, longitudinale) Vérifier
Karlamangla AS, Lachman ME, Han W et al (2017) — Evidence for Cognitive Aging in Midlife Women: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. PLOS ONE.
étude de cohorte (SWAN, longitudinale) Vérifier
Greendale GA, Huang M, Wight RG et al (2009) — Effects of the menopause transition and hormone use on cognitive performance in midlife women. Neurology.
Cohorte longitudinale multiethnique, 2 362 femmes suivies 4 ans (SWAN) Vérifier
Mosconi L, Berti V, Guyara-Quinn C et al (2017) — Perimenopause and emergence of an Alzheimer’s bioenergetic phenotype in brain and periphery. PLOS ONE.
Étude d’imagerie transversale (TEP/IRM), 43 femmes de 40 à 60 ans en bonne santé Vérifier
Mishra A, Wang Y, Yin F et al (2022) — A tale of two systems: Lessons learned from female mid-life aging with implications for Alzheimer’s prevention & treatment. Ageing Research Reviews.
revue mécanistique (données précliniques et humaines mêlées) Vérifier
Mosconi L, Berti V, Dyke J et al (2021) — Menopause impacts human brain structure, connectivity, energy metabolism, and amyloid-beta deposition. Scientific Reports.
Étude de neuro-imagerie multimodale par stades de la transition, avec comparaison à des hommes du même âge Vérifier
Greendale GA, Derby CA, Maki PM (2011) — Perimenopause and Cognition. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America.
revue narrative (pas systématique) Vérifier

Pourquoi je gonfle, et qu’est-ce qui fait dégonfler ?

Barberio B, Judge C, Savarino EV et al (2021) — Global prevalence of functional constipation according to the Rome criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology.
revue systématique et méta-analyse Vérifier
Marsh A, Eslick EM, Eslick GD (2016) — Does a diet low in FODMAPs reduce symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of nutrition.
revue systématique et méta-analyse Vérifier
Peng AW, Juraschek SP, Appel LJ et al (2019) — Effects of the DASH Diet and Sodium Intake on Bloating: Results From the DASH-Sodium Trial. The American journal of gastroenterology.
essai randomisé contrôlé (alimentation entièrement fournie, sodium en plan croisé) Vérifier
Kamp KJ, Callan NGL, Mitchell ES et al (2026) — Bloating During the Menopause Transition: Observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study. Journal of women's health (2002).
étude de cohorte longitudinale Vérifier
Vuylsteke ME, Colman R, Thomis S et al (2016) — The influence of age and gender on venous symptomatology. An epidemiological survey in Belgium and Luxembourg. Phlebology.
enquête épidémiologique transversale Vérifier
Houghton LA, Lea R, Agrawal A et al (2006) — Relationship of abdominal bloating to distention in irritable bowel syndrome and effect of bowel habit. Gastroenterology.
étude observationnelle transversale avec mesure objective (pléthysmographie abdominale ambulatoire sur 24 h) Vérifier
Bankir L, Perucca J, Norsk P et al (2017) — Relationship between Sodium Intake and Water Intake: The False and the True. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism.
Revue avec réanalyse d'études publiées où l'apport en sel a été modulé chez les mêmes sujets, et de bases épidémiologiques Vérifier
Stachenfeld NS (2014) — Hormonal changes during menopause and the impact on fluid regulation. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.).
revue narrative Vérifier
Villoria A, Azpiroz F, Burri E et al (2011) — Abdomino-phrenic dyssynergia in patients with abdominal bloating and distension. The American journal of gastroenterology.
étude expérimentale cas-témoins Vérifier

Pourquoi je reprends toujours après un régime ?

Hartmann-Boyce J, Theodoulou A, Oke JL et al (2021) — Association between characteristics of behavioural weight loss programmes and weight change after programme end: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ.
revue systématique et méta-analyse Vérifier
Dombrowski SU, Knittle K, Avenell A et al (2014) — Long term maintenance of weight loss with non-surgical interventions in obese adults: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ.
revue systématique et méta-analyse Vérifier
Anderson JW, Konz EC, Frederich RC et al (2001) — Long-term weight-loss maintenance: a meta-analysis of US studies. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Nunes CL, Casanova N, Francisco R et al (2022) — Does adaptive thermogenesis occur after weight loss in adults? A systematic review. British Journal of Nutrition.
revue systématique Vérifier
Polidori D, Sanghvi A, Seeley RJ et al (2016) — How Strongly Does Appetite Counter Weight Loss? Quantification of the Feedback Control of Human Energy Intake. Obesity.
Modélisation mathématique appliquée à un essai randomisé contre placebo de 52 semaines, 153 patients diabétiques de type 2 Vérifier
Unick JL, Neiberg RH, Hogan PE et al (2015) — Weight change in the first 2 months of a lifestyle intervention predicts weight changes 8 years later. Obesity.
Analyse observationnelle secondaire d'un essai randomisé, 2 290 adultes diabétiques de type 2, suivi à 8 ans Vérifier
Bajerska J, Chmurzynska A, Muzsik-Kazimierska A et al (2020) — Determinants favoring weight regain after weight-loss therapy among postmenopausal women. Scientific Reports.
étude de cohorte prospective Vérifier
Fothergill E, Guo J, Howard L et al (2016) — Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition. Obesity.
Suivi longitudinal de cohorte, 14 participants, mesures par DEXA et calorimétrie indirecte Vérifier
Thomas DM, Martin CK, Redman LM et al (2014) — Effect of dietary adherence on the body weight plateau: a mathematical model incorporating intermittent compliance with energy intake prescription , ,. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
étude de modélisation mathématique (hors hiérarchie clinique classique) Vérifier
Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E et al (2011) — Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. The New England journal of medicine.
étude interventionnelle prospective (bras unique, mesures répétées) Vérifier
Mann T, Tomiyama AJ, Westling E et al (2007) — Medicare's search for effective obesity treatments: Diets are not the answer. American Psychologist.
revue de la littérature (synthèse d'études de suivi à long terme) Vérifier

Pourquoi la graisse s’installe sur le ventre après 45 ans, alors que je ne mange pas plus ?

Juppi H, Sipilä S, Fachada V et al (2022) — Total and regional body adiposity increases during menopause—evidence from a follow‐up study. Aging Cell.
étude de cohorte longitudinale (deux cohortes, DXA + scanner) Vérifier
Greendale GA, Han W, Finkelstein JS et al (2021) — Changes in Regional Fat Distribution and Anthropometric Measures Across the Menopause Transition. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
étude de cohorte (SWAN, longitudinale, DXA, suivi médian 11,8 ans) Vérifier
Samargandy S, Matthews KA, Brooks MM et al (2021) — Abdominal visceral adipose tissue over the menopause transition and carotid atherosclerosis: the SWAN heart study. Menopause.
étude de cohorte (SWAN Heart, longitudinale, imagerie) Vérifier
Marlatt KL, Redman LM, Beyl RA et al (2020) — Racial differences in body composition and cardiometabolic risk during the menopause transition: a prospective, observational cohort study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
étude de cohorte prospective (analyse secondaire, DXA + scanner) Vérifier
Greendale GA, Sternfeld B, Huang M et al (2019) — Changes in body composition and weight during the menopause transition. JCI Insight.
Cohorte longitudinale multiethnique (SWAN), 1 246 femmes, mesures répétées par DXA Vérifier
Lovejoy JC, Champagne CM, de Jonge L et al (2008) — Increased visceral fat and decreased energy expenditure during the menopausal transition. International Journal of Obesity.
étude de cohorte longitudinale observationnelle (4 ans, DXA + scanner + calorimétrie) Vérifier
Sternfeld B (2004) — Physical Activity and Changes in Weight and Waist Circumference in Midlife Women: Findings from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. American Journal of Epidemiology.
Cohorte prospective multiethnique (SWAN), 3064 femmes de 42 à 52 ans suivies 3 ans — population directement transposable Vérifier
Toth M, Tchernof A, Sites C et al (2000) — Effect of menopausal status on body composition and abdominal fat distribution. International Journal of Obesity.
étude de cohorte transversale avec appariement (DXA + scanner) Vérifier
Szeliga A, Chedraui P, Meczekalski B (2026) — The Impact of the Menopausal Transition on Body Composition and Abdominal Fat Redistribution. Journal of Clinical Medicine.
étude transversale (impédancemétrie bioélectrique), stratifiée par catégorie d'IMC Vérifier
Abildgaard J, Ploug T, Al-Saoudi E et al (2021) — Changes in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue phenotype following menopause is associated with increased visceral fat mass. Scientific Reports.
Étude transversale avec biopsies de tissu adipeux, 33 femmes de 45 à 60 ans — petit effectif, mais population exactement celle du produit et mesure directe (IRM + biopsies) Vérifier

Pourquoi le muscle décide où va ce que je mange ?

Thomas E, Gentile A, Lakicevic N et al (2021) — The effect of resistance training programs on lean body mass in postmenopausal and elderly women: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging clinical and experimental research.
méta-analyse (26 études, qualité jugée « modérée », niveau de preuve 4 et grade de recommandation C selon les auteurs eux-mêmes) Vérifier
Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S et al (2020) — World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British journal of sports medicine.
recommandation officielle (Organisation mondiale de la santé) Vérifier
Wang J, Fan S, Wang J (2025) — Resistance training enhances metabolic and muscular health and reduces systemic inflammation in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes research and clinical practice.
méta-analyse d'essais randomisés contrôlés (43 ECR, 2 012 participants) Vérifier
Momma H, Kawakami R, Honda T et al (2022) — Muscle-strengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. British journal of sports medicine.
revue systématique et méta-analyse de 16 études de cohortes prospectives Vérifier
Fyfe JJ, Hamilton DL, Daly RM (2022) — Minimal-Dose Resistance Training for Improving Muscle Mass, Strength, and Function: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Practical Considerations. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.).
revue narrative (pas systématique, pas de méta-analyse) Vérifier
Peterson MD, Sen A, Gordon PM (2011) — Influence of resistance exercise on lean body mass in aging adults: a meta-analysis. Medicine and science in sports and exercise.
méta-analyse (49 études, 1 328 participants de 50 ans et plus) Vérifier
Merz KE, Thurmond DC (2020) — Role of Skeletal Muscle in Insulin Resistance and Glucose Uptake. Comprehensive Physiology.
revue de référence (revue physiologique invitée, Comprehensive Physiology) Vérifier
Richter EA, Hargreaves M (2013) — Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Physiological reviews.
revue de référence (revue mécanistique, Physiological Reviews) Vérifier

Pourquoi le tour de taille plutôt que la balance ?

Ross R, Neeland IJ, Yamashita S et al (2020) — Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a Consensus Statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity. Nature Reviews Endocrinology.
recommandation officielle (déclaration de consensus d'un groupe de travail international) Vérifier
Cerhan JR, Moore SC, Jacobs EJ et al (2014) — A pooled analysis of waist circumference and mortality in 650,000 adults. Mayo Clinic proceedings.
analyse poolée de onze cohortes prospectives (proche d'une méta-analyse sur données individuelles) Vérifier
Ross R, Janssen I, Dawson J et al (2004) — Exercise-induced reduction in obesity and insulin resistance in women: a randomized controlled trial. Obesity research.
essai randomisé contrôlé Vérifier
Pischon T, Boeing H, Hoffmann K et al (2008) — General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. The New England journal of medicine.
grande cohorte prospective (EPIC, neuf pays européens) Vérifier

Pourquoi mes articulations sont raides le matin ?

Panay N, Fenton A, Hamoda H et al (2025) — International Menopause Society (IMS) recommendations and key messages on women’s midlife health and menopause. Climacteric.
recommandation officielle (recommandations de l'International Menopause Society, issues d'une revue systématique) Vérifier
Wright VJ, Schwartzman JD, Itinoche R et al (2024) — The musculoskeletal syndrome of menopause. Climacteric.
revue narrative (article de position proposant une nouvelle terminologie) — PAS une revue systématique Vérifier
NAMS 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement Advisory Panel (Faubion SS, Crandall CJ, Davis L, et al.) (2022) — The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause.
recommandation officielle (North American Menopause Society), consensus d'experts sur revue des données Vérifier
Overton R, Amini P, Chew A et al (2026) — The effect of hormone replacement therapy on musculoskeletal pain in menopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Post Reproductive Health.
revue systématique et méta-analyse Vérifier
Chlebowski RT, Cirillo DJ, Eaton CB et al (2013) — Estrogen alone and joint symptoms in the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial. Menopause.
essai randomisé contrôlé en double aveugle contre placebo Vérifier
Ockene JK (2005) — Symptom Experience After Discontinuing Use of Estrogen Plus Progestin. JAMA.
enquête de suivi au sein d'un essai randomisé contrôlé (WHI), donc comparaison entre bras randomisés Vérifier
Huang F, Fan Y, Tang R et al (2024) — Musculoskeletal pain among Chinese women during the menopausal transition: findings from a longitudinal cohort study. Pain.
étude de cohorte longitudinale Vérifier
Szoeke CE, Cicuttini FM, Guthrie JR et al (2008) — The relationship of reports of aches and joint pains to the menopausal transition: a longitudinal study. Climacteric.
étude de cohorte longitudinale prospective (Melbourne Women's Midlife Health Project) Vérifier
Watt FE (2018) — Musculoskeletal pain and menopause. Post Reproductive Health.
revue narrative (Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford) Vérifier

Pourquoi mon cholestérol grimpe alors que je n’ai rien changé ?

Patikorn C, Saidoung P, Pham T et al (2023) — Effects of ketogenic diet on health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. BMC Medicine.
revue parapluie (umbrella review) de méta-analyses d'essais randomisés Vérifier
Joo M, Moon S, Lee YS et al (2023) — Effects of very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets on lipid profiles in normal-weight (body mass index < 25 kg/m2) adults: a meta-analysis. Nutrition Reviews.
méta-analyse d'essais randomisés (3 essais) Vérifier
Jayedi A, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Jabbarzadeh B et al (2022) — Dose-dependent effect of carbohydrate restriction for type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
revue systématique et méta-analyse dose-réponse d'essais randomisés Vérifier
Lee-Bravatti MA, Wang J, Avendano EE et al (2019) — Almond Consumption and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Advances in Nutrition.
méta-analyse de 15 essais randomisés (534 participants) Vérifier
Zhu D, Chung H, Dobson AJ et al (2019) — Age at natural menopause and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. The Lancet Public Health.
méta-analyse de données individuelles (15 études observationnelles poolées) Vérifier
Gardner CD, Landry MJ, Perelman D et al (2022) — Effect of a ketogenic diet versus Mediterranean diet on glycated hemoglobin in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The interventional Keto-Med randomized crossover trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
essai randomisé croisé (33 participants analysés) Vérifier
Derby CA, Crawford SL, Pasternak RC et al (2009) — Lipid Changes During the Menopause Transition in Relation to Age and Weight: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. American Journal of Epidemiology.
étude de cohorte prospective (SWAN, 1995-2004) Vérifier
Lloyd-Jones DM, Hong Y, Labarthe D et al (2010) — Defining and Setting National Goals for Cardiovascular Health Promotion and Disease Reduction: The American Heart Association’s Strategic Impact Goal Through 2020 and Beyond. Circulation.
texte de consensus d'une société savante (American Heart Association) Vérifier

Pourquoi mon corps ne gère plus les glucides comme avant ?

El Khoudary SR, Aggarwal B, Beckie TM et al (2020) — Menopause Transition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Implications for Timing of Early Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation.
recommandation officielle (déclaration scientifique de l'American Heart Association) Vérifier
Mauvais-Jarvis F, Clegg DJ, Hevener AL (2013) — The Role of Estrogens in Control of Energy Balance and Glucose Homeostasis. Endocrine Reviews.
revue narrative de référence (ce n'est PAS une revue systématique ni une méta-analyse) Vérifier
Mandrup CM, Egelund J, Nyberg M et al (2018) — Effects of menopause and high-intensity training on insulin sensitivity and muscle metabolism. Menopause.
étude d'intervention contrôlée non randomisée (groupes définis par le statut ménopausique), avec clamp euglycémique-hyperinsulinémique, TEP/TDM et biopsies musculaires Vérifier
Qian J, Dalla Man C, Morris CJ et al (2018) — Differential effects of the circadian system and circadian misalignment on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in humans. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.
essai de laboratoire randomisé en cross-over (deux protocoles hospitaliers de 8 jours) Vérifier
Morris CJ, Yang JN, Garcia JI et al (2015) — Endogenous circadian system and circadian misalignment impact glucose tolerance via separate mechanisms in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
essai de laboratoire contrôlé (protocole de désynchronisation forcée en milieu hospitalier) Vérifier
Wyatt P, Berry SE, Finlayson G et al (2021) — Postprandial glycaemic dips predict appetite and energy intake in healthy individuals. Nature Metabolism.
grande étude observationnelle avec mesure continue du glucose (cohorte PREDICT, exploration au Royaume-Uni puis validation aux États-Unis) Vérifier
Christakis MK, Hasan H, De Souza LR et al (2020) — The effect of menopause on metabolic syndrome: cross-sectional results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Menopause.
Analyse transversale d'une grande cohorte nationale (12 611 femmes de 45 à 85 ans) Vérifier
Duval K, Prud'homme D, Rabasa-Lhoret R et al (2014) — Effects of the menopausal transition on dietary intake and appetite: a MONET Group Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
étude de cohorte longitudinale (5 ans, étude MONET) Vérifier
Brand JS, van der Schouw YT, Onland-Moret NC et al (2013) — Age at Menopause, Reproductive Life Span, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk. Diabetes Care.
Cohorte prospective européenne, analyse cas-cohorte, 11 ans de suivi (EPIC-InterAct) Vérifier
Matthews KA, Crawford SL, Chae CU et al (2009) — Are Changes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Midlife Women Due to Chronological Aging or to the Menopausal Transition?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
étude de cohorte prospective (SWAN, 10 examens annuels) Vérifier
Janssen I (2008) — Menopause and the Metabolic SyndromeThe Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Archives of Internal Medicine.
étude de cohorte prospective (SWAN, 9 ans de suivi) Vérifier

Pourquoi mon médecin ne m’écoute pas quand je parle de ménopause ?

Huang DR, Goodship A, Webber I et al (2023) — Experience and severity of menopause symptoms and effects on health-seeking behaviours: a cross-sectional online survey of community dwelling adults in the United Kingdom. BMC Women's Health.
enquête transversale en ligne (pas une méta-analyse ni un essai) Vérifier
Sarrel P, Portman D, Lefebvre P et al (2015) — Incremental direct and indirect costs of untreated vasomotor symptoms. Menopause.
Étude rétrospective de cohortes appariées sur base de données d'assurance santé (252 273 femmes non traitées + autant de témoins) — Yale School of Medicine Vérifier
Kapoor E, Safwan N, Chaudhry R et al (2025) — Addressing Menopause Symptoms. Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
enquête transversale de grande taille (4 914 répondantes) Vérifier
Richardson MK, Coslov N, Woods NF (2023) — Seeking Health Care for Perimenopausal Symptoms: Observations from The Women Living Better Survey. Journal of Women's Health.
enquête avec analyse qualitative de contenu (1 024 femmes ayant consulté) Vérifier
Trémollieres FA, André G, Letombe B et al (2022) — Persistent gap in menopause care 20 years after the WHI: a population-based study of menopause-related symptoms and their management. Maturitas.
Enquête de population sur échantillon représentatif national (France, 5 004 femmes de 50 à 65 ans) — financée par le laboratoire Theramex Vérifier

Qu’est-ce que l’alcool change, à mon âge ?

New Collective Author (2023) — The 2023 nonhormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause (New York, N.Y.).
prise de position d'une société savante, revue de littérature graduée (niveaux I-III) Vérifier
IARC Working Group (Centre international de recherche sur le cancer / OMS) (2012) — Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages — in: Personal Habits and Indoor Combustions (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 100E). IARC Monographs, Lyon (FR).
Classification d'agence internationale (CIRC/OMS) — le plus haut niveau de consensus disponible Vérifier
Schrieks IC, Heil AL, Hendriks HF et al (2015) — The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Insulin Sensitivity and Glycemic Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Intervention Studies. Diabetes Care.
revue systématique et méta-analyse d'essais d'intervention Vérifier
Sayon-Orea C, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Bes-Rastrollo M (2011) — Alcohol consumption and body weight: a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews.
revue systématique Vérifier
Dorgan JF, Baer DJ, Albert PS et al (2001) — Serum Hormones and the Alcohol-Breast Cancer Association in Postmenopausal Women. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
essai randomisé croisé en alimentation entièrement contrôlée Vérifier
Suter PM, Schutz Y, Jequier E (1992) — The effect of ethanol on fat storage in healthy subjects. The New England journal of medicine.
essai croisé contrôlé en chambre calorimétrique (petit effectif) Vérifier
Blomdahl J, Nasr P, Ekstedt M et al (2023) — Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with significant fibrosis progression in NAFLD. Hepatology Communications.
étude de cohorte longitudinale avec biopsies répétées et biomarqueur objectif d'alcool Vérifier
Chen WY, Rosner B, Hankinson SE et al (2011) — Moderate Alcohol Consumption During Adult Life, Drinking Patterns, and Breast Cancer Risk. JAMA.
Cohorte prospective de grande taille (Nurses' Health Study, 105 986 femmes, 2,4 millions de personnes-années) Vérifier
Wang L (2010) — Alcohol Consumption, Weight Gain, and Risk of Becoming Overweight in Middle-aged and Older Women. Archives of Internal Medicine.
grande cohorte prospective (Women's Health Study) Vérifier
Shao X, Shou Q, Felix K et al (2024) — Age-related decline in blood-brain barrier function is more pronounced in males than females in parietal and temporal regions. eLife.
Étude d'imagerie transversale sur toute la vie (186 participants, 8-92 ans) — la mesure humaine la plus directe disponible Vérifier
Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V et al (2024) — A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. Annals of Hepatology.
consensus international multi-sociétés (procédure Delphi) Vérifier
Siler SQ, Neese RA, Hellerstein MK (1999) — De novo lipogenesis, lipid kinetics, and whole-body lipid balances in humans after acute alcohol consumption. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
étude mécanistique avec traceurs isotopiques stables (petit effectif) Vérifier

Qu’est-ce que la baisse des hormones change vraiment à mon corps ?

Davis SR, Castelo-Branco C, Chedraui P et al (2012) — Understanding weight gain at menopause. Climacteric.
recommandation officielle (prise de position de l'International Menopause Society, Journée mondiale de la ménopause 2012) Vérifier
Ambikairajah A, Walsh E, Tabatabaei-Jafari H et al (2019) — Fat mass changes during menopause: a metaanalysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
méta-analyse Vérifier
Javed AA, Mayhew AJ, Shea AK et al (2019) — Association Between Hormone Therapy and Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open.
revue systématique et méta-analyse d'essais randomisés Vérifier
Shea KL, Gavin KM, Melanson EL et al (2015) — Body composition and bone mineral density after ovarian hormone suppression with or without estradiol treatment. Menopause.
essai randomisé contrôlé (suppression ovarienne par agoniste de la GnRH, add-back estradiol vs placebo) Vérifier

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